Introduction: balance disorders are among the most common causes of falls, reduced functional independence, and limited mobility in older and elderly individuals. Postural stability is influenced by a complex interaction of factors, including cognitive status, physical activity level, and psychological perception of fall risk. However, the contribution of individual factors to the development of balance impairment remains insufficiently studied. Objective: to assess the relationship between demographic, cognitive, psychological, and behavioral factors and balance performance in older and elderly individuals and to determine independent factors associated with postural stability and falls. Materials and methods: the study included 203 patients aged 65 years and older (mean age 73,18 ± 6,74 years) who were under outpatient follow-up. All participants underwent collection of complaints and medical history, assessment of demographic characteristics, anthropometric parameters, and clinical risk factors for falls. Balance status was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), cognitive functions were assessed using the Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination (SLUMS), fear of falling was assessed using the Falls Efficacy Scale–International (FES-I), and the level of physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Results: BBS scores demonstrated statistically significant associations with cognitive status, fear of falling, and physical activity level. Higher SLUMS scores were associated with better balance performance (r=0.41; p