Introduction. Introduction. Maintaining the health of rural residents is a key aspect of rural development. Given the importance of further development of Russia's territories, studying the organization of healthcare for the rural population is essential for strengthening social stability and improving the country's demographic situation. Purpose. To identify the main problems and prospects for the development of rural healthcare in Russia today. Materials and methods. To identify the problems and prospects for the development of rural healthcare in Russia, a content analysis of regulatory legal acts and scientific publications on the provision of healthcare to rural residents was conducted. The following online resources were used: the Electronic Fund of Legal and Regulatory-Technical Documents (docs.cntd.ru); the website of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Minzdrav.gov.ru); CyberLeninka (cyberleninka.ru); the scientific electronic library (eLIBRARY.RU), and the biomedical research search engine (PubMed). The sources were searched using keywords. Results and discussion.The current organization of healthcare for rural residents faces a number of serious challenges, including staff shortages, poor infrastructure, limited access to specialized care, and poor quality of care. These factors not only worsen the health and quality of life of rural residents but also significantly contribute to the growing social and economic inequality between urban and rural areas. Conclusions. To improve the accessibility, quality, and effectiveness of healthcare in rural areas, it is necessary to implement comprehensive measures to improve staffing and drug supply, expand the network of feldsher-midwife stations (FAPs), implement modern digital technologies, revise the remuneration and training systems, and develop mobile and remote forms of healthcare.