The results of monitoring the epidemic situation of tuberculosis, the results of diagnosis and outcomes of treatment for tuberculosis patients in prisons of the Russian Federation as of 2017 are presented. The epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in the prisons of the Russian Federation is the most favorable for the last 19 years. The registered incidence of tuberculosis in prisons (without pre-trial detention centers) decreased to 538.0 per 100 000, while the incidence rates in pretrial detention centers remained constant. In pre-trial detention centers, more than half (51.9%) of new cases of tuberculosis were detected. The mortality rate from tuberculosis decreased to 9.7 per 100 000. The number of tuberculosis patients decreased to 17 827. The influence of geographical factors on the incidence of tuberculosis in prisons was studied. The reasons of stabilization of epidemic situation on tuberculosis in a combination with a HIV-infection are considered. The peculiarities of the structure of cases of tuberculosis registered for treatment have been studied. The reasons for the low proportion of newly diagnosed lung tuberculosis patients with bacterial isolation by microscopy (17.3%) and destruction of pulmonary tissue (22.0%) are discussed. Despite the growth of primary multiple drug resistance to 29.4%, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis declined to 683.3 per 100 000. Stabilization of abacilliing indices (29.7 per 100 annual bacterial survivors) and clinical cure of contingents (31.1 per 100 tuberculosis patients) are noted. There is no significant dynamics in the proportion of successful treatment for both sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis.