Prevention is the base of a modern system of strengthening and maintaining health of the population. Basic elements of infrastructure of a system of prevention of noninfectious diseases are in recent years created, the active work directed to promoting of a healthy lifestyle is conducted. However, despite the happened positive changes in work of a system of medical prevention, today not solved there is a number of the problems considered by authors in this article. The solution of these problems will promote optimization of work of structures of medical prevention and, finally, to increase in population of healthy and almost healthy people.