The purpose of this study was to analyze the trends in the health status of conscripts. Materials and methods: We have analyzed the indicators of the state of health of servicemen serving in conscription in 2010-2016. according to the annual reports of the Main Military Medical Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of Russia and disease evidence from military medical commissions of military medical organizations of the Moscow Region (n = 182) and Primorsky Krai (n = 57). Results: As our study shows, the expiration date for military service for the period from 2010 to 2016 grew by 8% and reached 77% of the total number of recruits, 59% of the conscripts were healthy, 32% were practically healthy, had chronic diseases and needed a dispensary dynamic observation - 9%. The overall incidence of this cohort over the period increased by 16%, the primary incidence of 25%. Hospitalization was 1098, its growth was 25%. The dismissal rate among conscripts is 3.2 times higher than that of contract servicemen and remains at a fairly high level for the last 5 years and currently stands at 20 ‰. Analysis of the evidence of the illness of servicemen on the call of military units of the Moscow Region revealed that the main share in the structure of diseases that caused dismissal from military service on conscription are: diseases of the digestive organs, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, diseases of the circulatory system. In Primorsky Krai, mental disorders and behavioral disorders, diseases of the circulatory system, diseases of the eye and its appendage apparatus, and diseases of the digestive system take leading positions. Findings: Against the background of growth in the category of fitness for military service, there is a negative trend in the basic health indicators of conscripts (general morbidity, primary morbidity, dismissal due to health, hospitalization, number of days of labor losses), which indicates insufficient work on preparing citizens for military service in the field and defects in the conduct of a military medical examination during the initial military registration and enlistment. When forming regional programs for the preparation of citizens for military service, special attention should be paid to the prevention of diseases of the digestive system, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, the circulatory system, as well as mental and behavioral disorders.