Cardiovascular pathology is widespread in all countries of the world and has tremendous medical and social significance. Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) is an effective surgical method for the treatment of coronary artery disease and at the same time carries a high risk of developing postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in people of older age groups. The purpose of the review of the literature was to analyze the latest scientific data on the study of the etiology, pathogenesis, therapeutic and preventive measures of POCD in the elderly, to determine the tactics of maintaining these patients. POCD in persons of older age groups have rather diverse etiological causes, complex pathogenesis and diverse clinical manifestations. The necessity of preoperative examination of brachiocephalic arteries (BCA), cognitive functions for the formation of an individual complex of treatment-and-prophylactic measures and dynamic observation of these patients in the postoperative period is shown.