Introduction. In recent years, an increase in the prevalence of diseases of the nervous system has been observed worldwide. Aim. Study of the prevalence and incidence rates of the nervous system diseases among the adult population of the Kursk region. Material and methods. A retrospective study of data from Form No. 12 “Information on the number of diseases registered by patients living in the service area of a medical organizations” in the Kursk Region for 2015–2017 was conducted. Results and discussion. In the Kursk region, the incidence of the nervous system diseases in adult population in 2015-2017 decreased by 22.8%; in the Kursk-city - by 34.5%, in the districts of the region - by 21.4%. The prevalence of the nervous system diseases over the study period decreased slightly by 1.4%, in its districts by 7.6%, in the Kursk-city increased by 6.6%. Incidence of the Kursk region adult population in extrapyramidal and other motor disorders, as well as in disorders of the autonomic (autonomous) nervous system tends to decrease compared with episodic and paroxysmal disorders. Conclusion. For planning treatment and preventive measures and assessing the effectiveness of specialized neurological care, it is necessary to have relevant information on the prevalence of diseases of the nervous system.