High annual death rates from circulatory system diseases in the world (17.9 million people – 31% of all deaths) and in the Republic of Belarus (66.5 thousand people – 54% of all deaths) determine the relevance of studying the prevalence of risk factors and the development of the concept of these factors as a basis for the prevention of circulatory system pathology. Along with the classical risk factors influencing the development and course of circulatory system diseases, new, namely, psychosocial factors differentiated into two groups were identified: socio-distress and emotional. Socio-distressful risk factors include distress in the professional and industrial sphere, including those related to socio-economic status, family conditions, circumstances and place of residence, life. The above groups of distressors cause the occurrence and development of diseases of the circulatory system and their complications, as revealed in many foreign scientific studies conducted in the UK, Norway, Sweden, Kazakhstan, the USA, the Republic of Costa Rica, Japan. This analysis was conducted on the basis of a review of literature in the electronic databases EBSCOhost, PubMed, Springer Link, Student’s Consultant and Physician’s Consultant. Carrying out preventive measures in the presence of pathology of the circulatory system is the management and impact on the above risk factors at all territorial and technological levels of medical care, as well as the creation of a comprehensive methodology for their detection and leveling.