Anemia affects a significant portion of the elderly population of the world population, which is a public health problem, which, according to scientists, will increase in the coming years due to the progressive aging of the population of all countries. Purpose: to analyze the data on anemic syndrome in people of older age groups. Materials and methods: analysis of literature data on search words - anemia, aging, elderly, hemoglobin, red blood cells for 1990 - 2020 in computer databases: PubMed, Scopus, Medical-Science, Elibrary, Web of Science, Ceeol Results. More and more data indicate that anemia in the elderly is associated with reduced quality of life, repeated hospitalizations, disability, and risk of death. At the same time, anemia in geriatric patients has a multifactorial etiology that has not been fully studied, which affects therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. The etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment of anemic syndrome is addressed in this literature review. Conclusions. Anemic syndrome needs to be given due attention in clinical practice, and not just considered anemia as a “physiological” consequence of aging. Further clinical studies aimed at studying this nosology are needed.