Morbidity, mortality and disability are the most important indicators of the sanitary and epidemiological state of society and the state. They reflect the prevalence, structure, and dynamics of physician-reported cases of disease and serve as an important criterion for evaluating the performance of medical professionals, medical institutions, and health authorities. Bronchopulmonary pathology is widespread among adults and children in Russia and abroad and is characterized by the severity of the clinical course, frequent complications, so the study of these indicators is currently an urgent problem. The purpose of the study is to determine the main directions and measures for improving the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with respiratory diseases based on the study of the main indicators of primary morbidity, mortality and primary disability. Materials and methods. The analysis of indicators was carried out according to the data of the state statistics services for the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Russian Federation. Data processing was performed using statistical methods using Microsoft Excel applications. Results.The scientific article analyzes the primary morbidity, mortality and disability due to respiratory diseases in the Republic of Bashkortostan in comparison with the indicators of the Russian Federation for five years (2014-2018). The dynamics of primary morbidity in the region and the Russian Federation, the mortality rate in the region among the entire population increased (the studied indicator decreased in the Russian Federation), the regional and Russian mortality rate among children (0-14 years) decreased, and the low rate of primary disability in the region and in Russia was noted. The study of the main indicators of population health indicates the need to improve organizational measures in the activities of medical institutions that provide treatment and prevention services to people with pulmonary pathology.