Relevance. COVID-19 is a new serious problem for health care systems of all countries of the world that epidemic readiness, post-epidemic restoration and to others, putting relevant, to questions requires attention not only to such "forgotten" aspects of public health care as management in emergency situation, but also to the main vector of policy of the state in the field of protection of public health. Research objective. On the basis of the analysis of measures of counteraction of epidemic of COVID-19 and key resource indicators of health care to formulate conceptual conditions of ensuring effectiveness of work of a system of protection of public health in the future Results. Dynamics of the major resource indicators of health care is shown in article from the moment of the collapse of the USSR, the organizational issues demonstrating weakening of the industry during the period preceding a pandemic of a koronavirusny infection are touched. Conclusions. COVID-19 pandemic, other pandemic viral infections are a serious new problem for a health care system and all society, demand scientific judgment, cause and the next time prove need of change of policy of the state in the field of protection of public health. The state needs to decide on limits, forms and conditions of the participation in work of doctors and public health care in general. In the future, the effectiveness of public health care, including countermeasures on the pandemics similar to COVID-19, will be possible not only on condition of recovery of integrity of medical science, medical and scientific and educational infrastructure, strengthening and optimization of a personnel resource, change of the social and economic status and providing standard professional autonomy of the doctor and also on condition of creation of a system of the qualified management which would define strategic objectives of the industry, provided motivation and legal mechanisms for their achievement.