Introduction: Results of a sociological research of the factors influencing the choice by the entrant of the concrete educational organization of the higher medical education, selection criteria by medical students of future profession and also quality their adaptation in the new educational environment are presented in article. Materials and methods: It is interviewed 1289 (66% - women, 32% - men, 2% ignored the matter) medical students of five faculties and clinical interns by means of the questionnaire which is specially developed by authors passed a validization. Mathematical processing of the obtained data was carried out with use of a standard package of for the Windows SPSS 21.0 application programs. Differences between the groups differing in gender and age are given only in cases when they are statistically significant. Results and discussion: It is established that humanitarian installations remain leaders at choice of profession of the doctor. Choosing the educational organization, often entrants consider its proximity to the house and also follow advice of parents. At the same time adaptation of medical students to training conditions at the higher school is accompanied by difficulties among which inability to plan the time and complexity of educational programs.