Introduction. According to a WHO official document, HIV remains one of the global public health concerns. The number of registered cases of HIV infection among citizens of the Russian Federation in 2018, amounted to 1 326 329 people, of which 318 870 people, died (24.0%). Along with this, 86 519 new cases of HIV infection were detected, and 14 762 live babies were born from HIV-infected mothers, 220 of them confirmed HIV infection. Ryazan Oblast is among the subjects with an average incidence of HIV. Purpose of the investigation. To study the dynamics of the prevalence and prevalence of HIV in the Ryazan region for 2014-2018, to determine the leading trends in the development of the epidemic process. Materials and methods. The authors used official statistics on registration of HIV-infected people from the Ryazan Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases, based on reports provided by medical organizations in the region. According to the methodology developed by the Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, incidence and prevalence indicators were calculated per 100 thousand of the population. To assess the dynamics, the growth / decrease rate indicator (in%) was used. Results and discussion. During the analyzed period, an increase in the incidence of HIV infection was recorded in the region, the growth rate was in the range from 5.4% to 2.2% without any significant differences in years. Among infected individuals, sexual transmission remains dominant (92.0% of women and 64.0% of men). The highest level of damage was recorded among people of reproductive age 20-40 years. Conclusion. An analysis of the basic statistical data by the authors revealed a relatively uniform increase in the incidence of HIV infection in the Ryazan region. The current HIV situation in our region is characterized by an increase in the role of sexual transmission of the virus and an annual increase in the number of new infections.