Population statistics is the oldest branch of statistics. A correct understanding of the demographic situation in the region allows you to make informed decisions when predicting the structure and dynamics of economic and social processes. The main demographic processes are fertility, mortality, and migration. Objective: to study the medical and social aspects of the demographic situation in the Krasnodar Territory. Materials and methods. The study is retrospective in nature. The work is based on the analysis of the demographic situation in the Krasnodar Territory for the period 2008-2017. To assess the demographic situation in the Krasnodar Territory, we calculated the main indicators used in official statistics. The paper uses data from Rosstat for the Krasnodar Territory. Statistical and analytical methods were used. Results. The Krasnodar Territory ranks third in the Russian Federation in terms of population after Moscow and the Moscow Region. According to the level of socio-economic development, the Krasnodar Territory belongs to the developed agricultural regions of the Black Earth region and the South of Russia. A special feature of the population structure of the Krasnodar Territory is the high proportion of people over the working age – 25.8% (in Russia-25.0%). The average age of the inhabitants of the region belongs to the young age group, amounting to 40.0 years (in Russia, 39.7). Women (average age – 42.1) are older than men (average age-37.5). There are few people aged 60 years and older, only 21.7% (Table 2). However, the population of this age is growing especially rapidly: from 19.1% in 2008 to 21.7% in 2017. Over the past 10 years, the population of the region over the working age has increased by 191 thousand people (by 1.5%), and people of working age by much less, by 1.7% or by 69 thousand people, which led to a decrease in the share of the working age population by 2.9%. The demographic burden on the population of the region as a whole was 793, while it is significantly higher for the rural population than for the urban population (703 versus 646, respectively). Conclusion. The analysis of the current demographic situation in the Krasnodar Territory gives an understanding of the existing trends in the spread of malignant tumors, especially their main localization. The unfavorable nature of the development of demographic processes in recent years leads to a steady increase in the proportion of older age groups of the population. So, over the past 10 years, the population of the region over the working age has increased by 191 thousand people (by 1.5%).