Actuality: According to the latest data in the Russian Federation, the prevalence of sarcopenia among the elderly reaches 22.1%, among the elderly-35.2%. In the context of the progressive aging of the population, the organization of long-term care becomes an increasingly urgent problem. The creation of a system of long-term care for the older generation is a priority for the implementation of the state social policy at the present stage. Currently, there is no definition of the point of application of long-term care in terms of diagnosis, correction and prevention of sarcopenia. Objective: To develop a set of measures to improve long-term care for elderly and senile people in terms of the detection, treatment and prevention of sarcopenia. Materials and methods: The research was based on polyclinics of clinical bases of the Belgorod State University. The study consisted of 2 stages: assessment of the state of long-term care for elderly and senile people, determination of the place and role of sarcopenia in the medical aspect of long-term care; development, testing and implementation of a modified rehabilitation and preventive model for the development of sarcopenia in old age. A prospective controlled randomized trial examined 1,688 elderly and senile patients (elderly with sarcopenia (60-74 years, mean age 67.8±1.2 years) – n = 858 patients; senile age with sarcopenia (75-89 years, mean age 79.1±1.3 years) – n= 830 patients) by continuous sampling. At the final stage of the study, we proposed and tested a modified rehabilitation and preventive model for the development of sarcopenia in old age. The effectiveness of the modified rehabilitation and preventive model of sarcopenia development in the elderly was evaluated after 3 months. Results. Multimodal long-term care measures aimed at maintaining individual viability take into account mainly the lesions of the articular apparatus of a degenerative-dystrophic nature without affecting the muscular component of movement disorders, represented by primary and secondary sarcopenia. The application of the developed principles of management of patients with sarcopenia, based on resistance loads and the intake of protein nutritional mixtures, increases motor activity by 35%, which leads to an increase in self-care by 25%, quality of life by 20%, and a reduction in the risk of developing sarcopenia to 19.5%. Conclusions: Scientific substantiation of the modified rehabilitation and preventive model of sarcopenia development in the elderly, aimed at conducting diagnostic and rehabilitation and preventive programs for sarcopenia, based on the use of resistance loads and the intake of protein nutritional mixtures, a set of preventive measures aimed at increasing individual viability in the system of long-term care for the elderly.