Introduction. Improving the organization of specialized medical care for the population, including in the field of "narcology", is an urgent area of health care development, largely focused on improving the availability, quality and efficiency of medical care. The use of modern organizational and managerial approaches in improving medical care is especially important in rural areas, taking into account the peculiarities of public health and infrastructure development. Purpose:: to characterize inpatient drug treatment for residents of rural areas of the Samara region in modern conditions. Materials and methods. The study of a number of indicators that characterize the provision of medical care to residents of rural areas of the Samara region in inpatient conditions according to the profile "narcology" in the period from 2010 to 2018 using the database of the Samara regional Narcological dispensary, forms of federal statistical observation № 30, № 14, № 11, № 37. Results and discussions. There was a decrease in both the total number of patients admitted to drug treatment beds from 16,617 in 2010 to 10,870 in 2018 (a decrease of 34.6%), and the number of patients representing rural areas of the Samara region from 3,230 in 2010 to 1,033 in 2018 (a decrease of 68.0%). The share of rural residents admitted for hospitalization in dispensaries of the Samara region in the period from 2010 to 2018 remained stable, and ranged from 9.0% to 10.6% in different years. In the Samara region, a program has been developed for routing rural residents to receive specialized inpatient care in the "narcology" profile with the determination of patient flows to inpatient departments of drug treatment dispensaries, as a result of which it was possible to stabilize the volume of inpatient drug treatment for rural residents. The majority of rural narcologists (61.5%) are in favor of expanding the bed fund in the "narcology" profile. Conclusions. The reduction in the number of beds in the "narcology" profile is reflected in a decrease in the absolute number of patients from rural areas who have undergone inpatient treatment, as well as the proportion of rural residents treated in a hospital to the number of rural residents suffering from drug-related disorders that require inpatient treatment. One of the ways to increase the volume of inpatient drug treatment for residents of rural areas of the Samara region can be the deployment of drug treatment beds in large central district hospitals of the region.