Introduction. Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) has been isolated as a unique nosology recently. The treatment of PMBCL is immunochemotherapy. Despite of successful treatment of patients with PMBCL, a third of them have refractory disease courses. The aim. To study some clinical and therapeutic features that affects the course and overall 10-year survival of patients with PMBCL. Materials and methods. The study included 40 patients with an RMBCL, who have been receiving treatment in the department of oncohematology of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical Research Centre for Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The study evaluated the overall 10-year survival of patients depending on the presence of mediastinal syndrome, the chemotherapy regimens, and the using of radiotherapy as a consolidating treatment. Results. The DA-EPOCH-R significantly improves the survival of patients with PMBCL. RT also significantly improves the overall survival of patients. Among these patients, the overall 10-year survival rate was 86.9±7.4, while in the group without consolidating DLT, this indicator was 59.8±11, the differences were significant (p