Introduction. High mortality rates due to road traffic accidents are typical for most countries of the world and the problem is global in nature, therefore, conducting a comprehensive statistical analysis of deaths due to road traffic accidents is very relevant. The study showed that the reduction in the mortality rate of the population as a result of road accidents is due to the stabilization of the socio-economic situation in the region, the implementation of measures aimed at improving the activities of the State Traffic Inspectorate, improving the activities of medical organizations, introducing the population to the prevention of traffic violations, first aid in the event of accidents, improving the availability and quality of medical care, including emergency medical care. The purpose of the study. Study of regional characteristics of mortality of the population as a result of road accidents in the period 2004-2020. Material and methods. The materials of the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Republic of Buryatia, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Buryatia - the Department of the State Road Safety Inspectorate, as well as information and analytical materials of Russian and foreign authors, including those posted on the Internet, were used. The study was conducted using statistical, analytical methods, as well as the method of comparative analysis. Results. The mortality rates of the population of the republic from external causes, including transport accidents, road accidents throughout the study period, were higher than in the country. A feature of the distribution of the latter is a twofold excess of the number of road accidents that occurred in cities and towns. Alcohol in the blood of those who died as a result of transport injuries, including automobile injuries, was detected in more than 50% of cases. The share of traffic accidents due to violations of traffic rules by drivers of vehicles remains the maximum, i.e. up to 90% or more and the main violators are drivers of passenger cars. The main proportion of those killed in road accidents are people of working age and up to 85% of deaths occur at the scene, up to 2% - during transportation of injured persons. Discussion. Road traffic injuries are ranked first in the world in terms of the number of fatalities and second in terms of the number of injured. Statistics of the Department of the State Road Safety Inspectorate until 2009 considered those who died in an accident to be those who died within 7 days after the accident. All those who died later were not included in the official data. Since 2009, the order of registration of those killed in an accident has been changed - the period of observation of those injured in an accident has been increased from 7 to 30 days. In our country, there are discrepancies both in the accounting of road accidents and in the methodology of accounting for mortality: the Ministry of Internal Affairs according to a Government Decree, the Ministry of Health according to the rules of the international classification of diseases, injuries and causes of death, which is compiled by the World Health Organization. Conclusions. The most significant problematic factor of road traffic injuries in the republic remains the person himself, his professional skills and behavioral attitudes, the development of road infrastructure. The policy pursued in the republic in the field of protecting human life and health on the roads has led to a decrease in the death rate as a result of road accidents. By 2020, there is a decrease in the mortality rate of the population of the republic as a result of road accidents in comparison with 2004 by almost 5 times.