The increase in the incidence of diabetic retinopathy and primary glaucoma in the elderly population requires the search for preventive measures. However, such risk factors as cerebrovascular and somatic pathology among these patients have not been sufficiently studied. The aim of the study was to study the prevalence and prognostic significance of cerebrovascular and somatic risk factors in the development of primary glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Materials and methods: A survey was conducted of 275 patients aged 60-74 years with primary glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, as well as 249 patients without these ophthalmological diseases. Based on the results of the survey, the prevalence and prognostic significance of cerebrovascular and somatic risk factors were calculated. Results of the study: It was found that in elderly patients with primary glaucoma combined with diabetic retinopathy, the prevalence of chronic cerebral circulatory disorders was significantly higher compared to patients without this ophthalmological pathology – 42.4±3.0 versus 15.6±2.3 per 100 examined patients, as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus. The greatest prognostic significance has a chronic violation of cerebral circulation with a prognosticality of 4.7, dyscirculatory encephalopathy-2.9, diabetes mellitus-3.8. Conclusion: Prognostically significant risk factors for primary glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy should be taken into account when screening the elderly and in the preventive work of ophthalmologists.