Introduction. The mortality rate is directly related to the way of life, working and resting conditions of the population. The study of the structure of mortality according to its causes establishes the risks of natural and social factors, objective and subjective, dependent and independent of the will of an individual [1]. Respiratory diseases rank fourth in the mortality rate of the population of the Republic of Buryatia after diseases of the circulatory system, malignant neoplasms and external causes. Despite the fact that mortality from respiratory diseases is decreasing every year, there are still high rates of mortality from chronic diseases of the lower respiratory tract with a significant prevalence of male mortality at all ages, a slower rate of decline in mortality among people of working age and mortality from pneumonia compared with the indicators of the regions of the Siberian Federal District and Russia as a whole. In addition, in 2018-2019 there was a tendency for the standardized rates of population mortality from pneumonia to increase by 7.9% - 18%. Purpose of the study. To study regional peculiarities of population mortality from respiratory diseases in the period of 2010-2019 in order to determine further ways of its reduction. Material and methods. We used materials of the Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service in the Buryatia Republic, the Rospotrebnadzor Department (Federal Service for Supervision of Consumers Protection) in the Buryatia Republic, the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Buryatia Republic, as well as information and analytical materials of Russian and foreign authors, including those posted on the Internet. The study was conducted using statistical and analytical methods, as well as by comparative analysis. Results. Mortality rates of the population of the republic from respiratory diseases, including chronic lower respiratory tract diseases throughout the study period were higher than in the country, including standardized (1.7 - 2.1 times) and much higher from chronic lower respiratory tract diseases (2.3 - 3.9 times), while pneumonia rates were lower, including standardized pneumonia from 2010 to 2017. (by 5.5 - 25.7%). Male mortality from respiratory diseases prevails over female mortality in 57.9% to 65% of cases. Men of working age die 3.1-5.5 times more often than women. There is an upward trend in the standardized death rate from pneumonia in 2018-2019 by 7.9% and 18% respectively. Mortality from pneumonia is declining at a lower rate - 17% (RF - 38.5%). In the Republic of Buryatia, mortality in the older age group prevails, as in the Siberian Federal District and the country as a whole. While previously rural residents were more likely to die of respiratory diseases, in 2019 there were more urban residents who died of respiratory diseases. Discussion. The results obtained in the study show a significant excess of respiratory disease mortality in men compared to women, including those of working age (3.1 to 5.5 times). In spite of the decrease of respiratory diseases mortality rate in the Republic of Buryatia the standardized mortality rates are still high and exceed the average figures for the Siberian Federal District (by 20.7%-48%) including 1.7-2.8 times higher than the average Russian figures (1.7-2.1 times) including mortality from chronic lower respiratory diseases (2.3-3.9 times). There has been an upward tendency in standardised mortality rates from pneumonia since 2018. Conclusions. The persistence of high rates of population mortality from respiratory diseases in the Republic of Buryatia with the largest risk group - people over working age. The results obtained indicate the need for continued monitoring of patients with chronic lower respiratory diseases and pneumonia, the need to improve measures to improve the quality of life of the population, providing medical care for this category of patients, which occupy 73% to 2.9 times in the mortality structure.