The provision of inpatient care is currently the most efficient and universal way of providing specialised medical care. Significant funds have been invested in the modernisation of inpatient care for several consecutive years, taken from the state budget, which indicates the high priority of the development of inpatient medical care. Purpose of the study: to review domestic and foreign literature on the provision of medical care to the population in inpatient settings in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods: data from domestic and foreign scientific literature were used as materials. Methods: monographic and analytical. Results. Over the last twenty years, the number of beds and hospitals in Russia has been decreasing annually, while the number of patients admitted to hospitals has only been growing, which has forced researchers to propose new options to solve the problem. In general, a positive trend has been noted towards a decrease in the average length of stay in a bed and its profile turnover. Among other things, attention was drawn to the imbalance of structural transformations, as the indicators of different regions of the Russian Federation are extremely different, so it becomes necessary to take into account other indicators, such as morbidity and the need for beds of different profiles of the population. The indicators of the assessment of inpatient medical care for the period 2010-2016 have led to the conclusion that optimisation of the bed stock should not imply its reduction. Also, in order to determine the needs of the population for specialised medical care in inpatient care, it is necessary to take into account the gender and age characteristics of the consumers of medical services. Another important factor to be considered in the analysis of the bed stock, accessibility and efficiency of inpatient care is the overall level of hospitalisation and mortality. An analysis of the staffing of the population and health care facilities with medical personnel between 2012 and 2018 has yielded multifaceted results. On the one hand, there are positive trends, such as an increase in the total number of doctors, an increase in the number of clinicians, a decrease in the surplus of staff in hospitals, and a reduction in the number of heads of health facilities. On the other hand, a significant number of negative aspects are still detected. Conclusion. Summarizing, we can say that, for the most part, in order to improve the activities of hospitals there is a clear need to introduce modern treatment and diagnostic technologies, increasing the integration and continuity between different treatment and preventive institutions, as well as general modernization, according to modern conditions.