Introduction. The study of the dynamics of incidence and prevalence of benign and malignant neoplasms helps to increase the level of monitoring of tumors at the early stages of their formation, to determine the goals and directions of work in a particular area, and therefore, is an urgent task today. Aim. Monitoring of the levels of incidence and prevalence of benign and malignant neoplasms of the adult population of the Kursk region in 2018-2020. Material and methods. A retrospective study of the data of the Federal statistical observation form No. 12 "Information on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the service area of a medical organization" was conducted. The general and primary incidence of all neoplasms and especially benign and malignant neoplasms in the Kursk region as a whole and in each individual district (a total of 28 environments) from 2018 to 2020 is characterized. Results and discussion. The incidence rate of benign and malignant neoplasms in the Kursk region as a whole is decreasing from 7.5‰ in 2018 to 6.8‰ in 2020. 15 districts with a high level of primary incidence of neoplasms in 2020 were identified. In these areas, the incidence rate of benign and malignant neoplasms was additionally studied. Based on the data obtained, the districts with the most unfavorable indicators were identified: in the Lgovsky, Kursk, Khomutovsky, Medvensky and Cheremisinovsky districts, the level of prevalence of neoplasms and the incidence of malignant neoplasms is steadily increasing, and in Zolotukhinsky, Zheleznogorsky, Oboyansky, Glushkovsky and Bolshesoldatsky districts, despite a decrease prevalence of cancer, the level of incidence of malignant tumors is also increasing. Conclusion. Based on the data obtained, using a comparative analysis, the regions of the Kursk region with the highest level of both primary and prevalence of malignant and benign neoplasms relative to the average indicators for the region were established. Data should be used to guide monitoring, prevention and primary health care delivery.