The article reflects data on medical-demographic processes of population health of the Republic of Bashkortostan in comparison with national figures over the last five years (2011-2015). The article includes issues of population, fertility, mortality, movement of the population and expected life expectancy. The population in the study region over the past five years remains relatively stable. In the investigated region there is a favourable trend in the growth of birth rate and reduced mortality, but the alarming increase in infant mortality. The data obtained are of scientific interest for practical health care in the new economic environment. The urgency of studying the prob-lems of medico-demographic processes for the preparation of complex target programs on protection of public health and health management at the regional level.