Introduction. The formation of the regulatory framework in the field of cosmetology in the Russian Federation largely contributed to the legalization of economic activity and ensured the dynamic development of market relations in the cosmetology industry. The growing number of enterprises and specialists in the field of aesthetic medicine contributes to the active growth of the cosmetology services market. The growth in the number of medical cosmetology institutions indicates an increase in the population's need for this type of medical care. Purpose: to study the main problems of cosmetology care by reviewing the literature to determine current trends in the development of cosmetology activities. Materials and methods. Publications of domestic and foreign researchers on the problem, regulatory documents have been identified as the scientific basis of the study. A review of the scientific literature is carried out mainly over a twenty-five-year period. The analytical method and the content analysis method were used to analyze the selected publications. Results and discussions. When analyzing the literature data, the materials were distributed in two main areas: cosmetology service, the main problems and directions of its development; modern cosmetology, aesthetic and "anti-aging" medicine. The organization of cosmetology care to the population in modern conditions in the regions of the Russian Federation is implemented on the basis of spontaneously formed cosmetology enterprises and does not provide the necessary unity of technologies and quality control of medical cosmetology services, clinical recommendations, protocols, algorithms, standard operating procedures and standards of cosmetology care have not been developed and put into practice. Conclusions. Cosmetology care, which is actively developing in the country, requires a comprehensive analysis and scientific justification of measures to improve it. The issues of improving the organization and management of the cosmetology industry on the basis of a systematic approach using medical standards, clinical recommendations, a single information space, economic and mathematical methods of resource management and quality of medical care require scientific study.