In 2022, the president of the Russian Federation decided to conduct a special military operation in Ukraine. This contributes to the exchange and spread of infectious diseases. In terms of the impact of infectious diseases on life expectancy, the biggest risks are: HIV infection, tuberculosis and viral hepatitis. In the short term (about a year), it is the communicable diseases already present on the territory of Ukraine that will determine the epidemic risk of their spread on the territory of the Russian Federation; later on, more lasting effects, such as the living standards of the population, prevalence of injecting drug addiction, etc., will have an impact. Aim: to conduct a comparative analysis of the epidemic situation of tuberculosis, HIV infection and viral hepatitis in Ukraine and Russia. Materials. The official statistical data on morbidity and mortality from tuberculosis and HIV, the incidence of viral hepatitis in Russia and Ukraine were studied. Relative risk and statistical significance of differences were calculated. Results. The incidence of tuberculosis in 2021 in Russia and Ukraine was 31.1 and 35.5 per 100,000, respectively (pansferred from the territory of Ukraine to the territory of Russia. During stay in Ukraine, the risk of acute hepatitis A is higher. The risk of hepatitis B in Russia and Ukraine is comparable, and the risk of HIV infection and viral hepatitis C in Ukraine is lower than in Russia.