Introduction. The analysis of domestic and foreign literature of recent years, as well as the results obtained at the Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction with RAMS, indicate that oxidative stress accompanies and/or is one of the key pathogenetic links in the development of premature aging. Goal. To study the effect of oxidative stress on the processes of premature aging according to scientific publications. Material and methods. The literature data on search words – premature aging, oxidative stress, biological age for 2017-2022 in computer databases, PubMed, Medical–Science, Elibrary, Ceeol, JSTOR, Web of Science, Scopus were studied. Results. The destructive effect of excessive concentrations of free radicals is manifested by accelerating the aging process, provoking inflammatory processes in muscle, connective and other tissues, improper functioning of the circulatory, nervous systems. Conclusions. The problems of aging are widely discussed by the scientific community. Various theories of aging of the body are considered, among which the theory of oxidative stress (CP theory) is becoming increasingly popular. Most researchers note that with age, the level of ROS in cells increases, the intensity of oxidative processes in mitochondria increases, and AOS decreases. The search for means of influencing oxidative stress is actively underway, various types of antioxidants are being studied, three-dimensional supramolecular ensembles with internal antioxidant activity and capable of effectively resisting oxidative stress are being developed. However, almost all of these studies have been conducted on animal cells. Therefore, the question of whether it is legitimate to extrapolate these data to the aging processes of the body as a whole and to the human body is still being discussed. Research in this direction continues.