Introduction. Currently, there is an increase in emergency surgical interventions in elderly and senile patients with geriatric syndromes, which negatively affects the favorable outcome of operations. Taking into account the age of patients, it is necessary to pay special attention to their geriatric status and diagnosis in order to predict perioperative complications. In this regard, the study of laboratory markers of geriatric syndromes in elderly and senile people is a priority area of medicine. The aim of the study was to diagnose geriatric syndromes and senile asthenia according to laboratory parameters in patients with emergency surgical pathology. Materials and methods. The study involved 84 patients aged 60 to 90 years with senile asthenia syndrome and emergency surgical pathology, who underwent surgical treatment. Laboratory parameters of general and biochemical blood analysis were studied upon admission to the hospital, a few hours after surgery and upon discharge from a medical institution. Results. Thanks to the study of laboratory markers of geriatric syndromes and senile asthenia, it was revealed that all elderly and senile patients with emergency surgical pathology have deviations in laboratory tests, especially when admitted to the hospital. In all surgical patients, leukocytosis prevails during hospitalization, followed by a decrease to normal values by discharge from a medical institution against the background of ongoing therapeutic manipulations. Also, most patients have hypoproteinemia at the time of admission to the hospital, during treatment and at discharge, which is a sign of such geriatric syndromes as malnutrition syndrome, sarcopenia, dysphagia. Conclusion. With the help of the identified laboratory predictors, the diagnosis of geriatric syndromes and senile asthenia can be improved before surgical treatment, and the development of perioperative complications can be predicted. The measures used to prevent perioperative complications will contribute to increasing the safety of emergency surgical interventions in patients of older age groups.