Introduction: The Russian Federation is actively taking measures at the state level aimed at development and correction. These measures include the introduction and implementation of the "List of initiatives for the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation until 2030”, “Concepts of the demographic policy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025”, “Action plan for implementation in 2021-2025. Concepts of the demographic policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025” and others. In 2021, the natural population decline amounted to 1.04 million people, which is a record figure in the modern history of the Russian Federation, while the population decline is forming a trend, as it has been constantly recorded since 2018. The trend towards population decline poses a threat to the implementation of the goal of demographic policy and dictates the need to improve the approach. An urgent issue is the preservation and development of reproductive health as a factor in improving the demographic situation in the Russian Federation, which determines the relevance of this study. Objective: to assess the occupational risks of violations of the reproductive health of working women. Materials and methods: Systematized literature review, comparative analysis, content analysis, method of drawing up generalizations and analogies, hypothetical-deductive method. The material for the study was scientific articles published in international databases (Scopus, PubMed), as well as scientific articles by domestic researchers for the period 2012-2022, devoted to the issues of occupational health, occupational diseases, prevention and strengthening of the reproductive health of working women (the total was analyzed 56 studies); official documents of the Russian Federation; official statistics. Results: for the period 2017-2020, the number of women working in enterprises with harmful and / or dangerous working conditions remains high. For some types of economic activity, a decrease in the number of women working in enterprises with harmful and / or dangerous working conditions remains high, but it is not significant. It was revealed that the impact of adverse factors of the working environment on working women has a negative impact on their reproductive health, causing a threat of infertility in the future. Conclusions: In the current demographic situation in the Russian Federation, the protection of the reproductive health of working women is of particular importance. To improve and strengthen the reproductive health of working women in the Republic of Dagestan, the authors propose a number of preventive measures that take into account the increased sensitivity of women to toxic agents and other harmful factors in the working environment.