Introduction.The article presents aspects of the most important health problems objectively determined by the peculiarities of the health system in modern conditions and related to the provision of medical personnel to the population, presents priority directions for the development of the personnel potential of the industry within the framework of the National project "Healthcare". Purpose: : to identify the main problems and strategic directions for the development of human resources of the healthcare system of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. A study of the state and general trends in the development of healthcare staffing was conducted based on the study of legislative and regulatory documents, WHO recommendations, published data from the Ministry of Health of Russia, Rosstat, WHO databases, medical databases, biomedical journal sites for key queries reflecting the research topic. Results and discussion. The main problems associated with the continuing need of citizens for medical personnel have been identified. The causal relationships of the identified problems with the measures taken in the field of staffing of the healthcare system have been established. Conclusion. The main factor in the successful development and functioning of the health system, strengthening the capacity of public health focused on the needs of the population, as well as emergency preparedness and adequate response measures in modern conditions is, first of all, the availability of qualified and skilled, properly motivated medical personnel. In order to improve the quality and accessibility of medical care to the population, it is necessary to solve the problems of staffing of the healthcare system associated with improving the planning of the number, training and use of medical personnel.