Introduction. The cause of death of older age groups in more than 30% is pathology of the heart and blood vessels. One of the directions for the development of new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases is the search for signaling molecules and the determination of their role and significance in the pathogenesis of this pathology. In people over 60 years of age, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) has accounted for a significant proportion in recent decades. Among the signaling molecules that, according to the literature, may have prognostic value and be highly informative in DCMP, sirtuin proteins (types 1, 2, 3, 6), proteins p16 and p21, Bcl-2-associated X-protein (BAX) are isolated. The purpose of the study to determine diagnostic markers of premature aging of the body on a clinical model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Materials and methods: the expression of signaling molecules (sirtuins 1,2,3,6, proteins p16, p21, and BAX) was evaluated in cultures of myocardial cells ("young" and "aged"). The expression of these signaling molecules in buccal epithelium and autopsy material of the myocardium of elderly, middle-aged and senile people with DCMP was also studied. As a control group, materials obtained from people who did not have cardiovascular pathology were used. Results and discussion: A similar profile of changes in the expression of signaling molecules was revealed - a decrease in the expression of sirtuins, an increase in p16, p21 and BAX in myocardial cell cultures, buccal epithelium and autopsy material in dilated cardiomyopathy. Conclusions. With age, there is a decrease in the expression of sirtuins 1,2,3,6. At the same time, there is an increase in the expression of proapoptotic proteins and markers of cellular aging p16, p21, p53. In normal myocardial tissue and cardiomyocyte cultures, this process is poorly expressed, whereas with accelerated aging caused by the development of dilated cardiomyopathy, this trend increases. This makes it possible to regard sirtuins 1,2,3,6, proteins p16, p21 and BAX as key markers reflecting accelerated aging of cardiomyocytes.