Currently, public administration in the field of health care demonstrates an insufficiently defined status of the private sector within the budget system of the Russian Federation, which accordingly complicates the relationship between participants in the market for the provision of medical services within the framework of compulsory health insurance. The purpose of this study was to assess the legal status of medical organizations of the private health care system operating in the MHI system in order to possibly improve the mechanisms of interaction that create incentives for innovation, increase the productivity of the system, and its flexibility, subject to legal regulation. The materials and methods of the study were an analytical analysis aimed at studying the legal policy, established legal practice, the current situation regarding the position of the private healthcare sector in the medical services market in order to answer the main question: is a private medical organization included in the register of organizations operating in in the field of compulsory medical insurance, by a budget recipient, in the context of the use of budgetary funds for their intended purpose? The results of the analysis of the current legislation, within the framework of the Budgetary and Civil Codes of the Russian Federation, were the conclusions that a private medical organization is not a recipient of budgetary funds and does not provide free medical care on the basis of the state assignment for the implementation of the Territorial Compulsory Medical Insurance Program. A private medical organization (executor) provides medical care to insured persons at its own expense, and an insurance medical organization, based on the register of invoices and invoices for medical care, pays under a contract for the provision of services to the contractor within the framework of the civil code. Payment for the services of a private medical organization when providing care to patients is made at the expense of its own capital, and not from the funds of compulsory medical insurance, given that the institution did not receive an advance payment. The foregoing indicates the need to work out issues to improve the regulatory legal framework that provides not only equal access rights for medical organizations, regardless of their form of ownership, to participate in the implementation of the program of state guarantees for compulsory medical insurance, but also the assignment of a functional component to participants who are not budget recipients. The legal certainty of private traders in the service market, among other things, will make it possible to develop a set of measures to support private investors for the further development of public-private partnerships, including through the provision of tax incentives and property support.