Introduction. Colorectal cancer, as a possible consequence of the transformation of benign neoplasms of the colon into malignant ones, is a pathology that occupies the third place in the world in terms of the frequency of detection among neoplasms and the second place among neoplasms in terms of mortality. The high lethality of colorectal cancer, its prevalence among the population and the tendency to increase the incidence determine the relevance of research in relation to the possibility of early diagnosis of colon neoplasms. The aim of the study was to analyze the medical and social characteristics of patients with benign neoplasms of the colon in terms of improving measures for the prevention of colorectal cancer. Materials and methods. We analyzed 1000 case histories of patients of the Coloproctology Center who underwent video colonoscopy, residents of the Perm region, men (n = 377) and women (n = 623). Statistical analysis was performed at the National Center "Biostatistics" using statistical packages SAS 9.4, STATISTICA 12 and IBM-SPSS-24. Results and discussions. On the basis of a retrospective analysis of the case histories of patients of the Coloproctology Center, it was revealed that the incidence of benign neoplasms during video colonoscopy varies significantly in different age groups, both among men and women. When analyzing the localization of colon polyps, the largest number of polyps among patients of both sexes was found in the rectum and sigmoid colon. At the same time, in the rectum in men, the largest number of polyps was noted at a young age (up to 44 years), and among women, both in the older age group (over 75 years) and in the group of young patients (up to 44 years). Conclusion. Based on the data obtained, a higher risk of polyps in the colon is characteristic of men in a wide age range, somewhat more often in urban residents, which determines the need to expand the age range for screening examinations in order to timely detect benign neoplasms of the colon as a cancer prevention. The screening method should be video rectosigmoscopy.