Introduction (relevance). The relevance of the study of the problems of malignant laryngeal neogenesis among the adult population of the Voronezh region is due to the previously unanalyzed annual statistical indicators over the past 10 years, which have dynamic changes in other regions of the country. In the world for 2020-2021, the number of newly detected cases of malignant neoplasms of the larynx amounted to 238,000 cases, which brought them to the 21st place and 106,000 deaths from this disease, which is 5-7% of all oncological diseases and ranks 19th. This explains the prospects of studying morbidity issues, studying the staffing of urban and rural medical organizations (MO) by otorhinolaryngologists and oncologists, determines the high importance in studying the prevalence of oncogenic risk factors and developing a modern concept of these factors as a fundamental paradigm for the prevention of laryngeal oncopathology. The purpose of the study is to analyze the incidence of laryngeal cancer in the Russian Federation and the world in dynamics for 2012-2022, to identify high–risk groups and to investigate the influence of medical and social factors in the aspect of the occurrence of malignant neoplasms of the larynx, to develop a list of organizational and preventive measures to improve the quality of cancer care. Materials and methods. The analysis is based on a review of literature sources in the following electronic databases: EBSCOhost, PubMed, Springer Link, Scopus, Medical-Science, Elibrary, Web of Science, Ceeol, Student Consultant and Doctor Consultant for the period from 2012 to 2022. Results. The implementation of preventive measures, oncological screening, medical examinations of persons with a high risk of malignant neoplasms of the larynx consists in the management and impact on medical and social risk factors at all territorial and technological levels of medical care, the development of a comprehensive methodological framework for their leveling. Conclusion. As a result of the study, a scientific approach is presented aimed at improving and rationalizing the organization of preventive measures for patients with a high risk of laryngeal fever.