Научно-практический рецензируемый журнал
"Современные проблемы здравоохранения
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Scientific journal «Current problems of health care and medical statistics»
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EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS COMBINED WITH HIV IN MODERN CONDITIONS

L.I. Rusakova1, D.A. Kucheryavaya2, A.E. Ergeshov1
1. Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
2. Russian Research Institute of Health, Moscow, Russia
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Summary:
Background. Tuberculosis in combination with HIV remains a pressing problem in the world and in Russia. Russia is one of the countries with a high burden of tuberculosis in combination with HIV. More than 1/3 of deaths from diseases caused by HIV are the deaths of patients with a combination of tuberculosis and HIV infection. Aim: assess the actual dynamics of the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection. Materials and methods. Information from official statistical materials for 2014 - 2023 was studied. Results. Overall, over a 10-year period, the tuberculosis incidence rate decreased by 50.3% (from 59.5 to 29.6 per 100,000), the HIV incidence rate decreased by 40.8% (from 63.3 to 37.5 per 100 000), and the incidence rate of co-infection of tuberculosis and HIV - by only 13.7% (from 7.4 to 6.4 per 100,000). At the same time, the proportion of patients with tuberculosis in combination with HIV increased by 64.3% (from 15.1% to 24.7%); the highest level of the indicator was observed in 2021 (25.1%), after which in 2022 its decrease was noted for the first time. About half (47.2%±1.1(3.6)) of patients with tuberculosis in combination with HIV are detected when newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients are tested for HIV using immunoblotting. HIV prevalence during the period under review increased by 65.4% (from 335.3 to 554.5 per 100,000); the prevalence of tuberculosis, on the contrary, decreased by 60.2% (from 137.3 to 54.6 per 100,000). The prevalence of tuberculosis in combination with HIV decreased by 20.3% (from 17.5 to 13.9 per 100,000); the highest value of the indicator was observed in 2016 (20.9 per 100,000). The proportion of patients with tuberculosis in combination with HIV among patients with tuberculosis doubled (from 12.7% to 25.5%). The proportion of people with profound (350 CD4+ cells and below) immunodeficiency among newly diagnosed people living with HIV (PLHIV) continues to increase. Among the contingents of PLHIV undergoing dispensary observation, their share is decreasing, but this decrease is insignificant. Conclusion. The persistence of a high proportion of PLHIV with immunodeficiency (350 CD4+ cells per microliter or less) with an increase in the number of PLHIV populations prevents the reduction in the incidence of co-infection of tuberculosis and HIV. To reduce the incidence of tuberculosis in combination with HIV, it is necessary to improve the identification of people living with HIV among the population, patients with the disease caused by HIV, and compliance with antiretroviral therapy and chemoprophylaxis of tuberculosis.
Keywords tuberculosis; HIV infection; co-infection of tuberculosis and HIV; TB/HIV

Bibliographic reference:
L.I. Rusakova, D.A. Kucheryavaya, A.E. Ergeshov, EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS COMBINED WITH HIV IN MODERN CONDITIONS // Scientific journal «Current problems of health care and medical statistics». - 2024. - №5;
URL: http://healthproblem.ru/magazines?textEn=1452 (date of access: 28.12.2024).

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