Introduction. Medical university students are future healthcare professionals. Maintaining their health is necessary for them to fully perform their duties at all stages of the educational cycle. Compliance with the basic rules of a healthy lifestyle (HLS) by a doctor and giving up bad habits can become a method of popularizing a healthy lifestyle among patients and a wide range of healthcare workers. Formation of a health cult during the period of study at a medical university is the basis for its further effective improvement. For this purpose, it is important to comprehensively and purposefully use health-saving technologies. The purpose of the study is to analyze risk factors for diseases, study the structure of general, chronic morbidity and morbidity with temporary disability (MTD) among students of medical universities in Russia. Materials and methods. A search for articles was made in the following databases: eLIBRARY, CYBERLENINKA, PubMed, Web of Science, Scholar.google. The review included 79 scientific publications. The study of morbidity was carried out using disease classes according to ICD-10. Results. Risk factors for diseases are: poor nutrition, overweight, obesity, low physical activity, smoking, alcohol abuse, decreased duration and quality of sleep, failure to comply with work and rest schedule requirements, high daytime dysfunction, excessive use of electronic devices. These factors can affect the health of medical university students. A trend of increasing morbidity among adolescents aged 15-17, who are future university applicants, has been revealed. An increase in overall morbidity, temporary disability and chronic diseases has been observed in most of the Russian medical universities included in the analysis. Conclusion. The conducted analysis actualizes the need to introduce and improve health-saving technologies and preventive measures in the process of teaching medical students in various regions of Russia.