Introduction. Russia's national security, sovereignty, and independence are well-protected by its Armed Forces, which constantly require well-trained recruits. Goal. Among the many publications on the preparation of citizens for military service, it is important to find new approaches to recruiting young people for the Russian Army and Navy. Materials and methods. The Russian Science Citation Index was used to conduct the research. The keywords "conscription of citizens for military service" were used to search for relevant publications in scientific articles from 2016 to 2025. A search of publications for the specified time period yielded a set of 609 articles, which were reviewed in a routine manner. Articles by foreign authors were excluded. For a more in-depth analysis, 302 articles by Russian authors were selected, and we chose the most significant 50 articles that were most relevant to the topic of our research. Results and discussion. The analysis of scientific articles on the health of pre-conscription and conscription in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and measures for their improvement and treatment. Each of the 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation has its own territorial, climatic, natural, national features and traditions, which affect the preparation of young people for the upcoming military service. Conclusion. The review of the presented publications showed the concern and anxiety of the authors who conducted the scientific research. In many regions of Russia, the authors noted the main diseases that are the basis for exempting young people from conscription into the Russian Armed Forces. These include pathologies of the musculoskeletal and endocrine systems, as well as mental disorders. The authors outlined ways to reduce these pathologies among conscripts, as well as measures for timely rehabilitation and treatment of future recruits, and emphasized the role of military-patriotic education for young people in schools, colleges, and higher education institutions.