Introduction. As the population ages, the proportion of chronic non-communicable diseases increases. Nutrition and lifestyle are of particular scientific interest, as they play a key role in the prevention of major disabling diseases and ensuring high age-related viability. Goal. To study the peculiarities of nutrition and evaluate the prognosis of the age viability of the population of the Republic of Adygeya in the gender aspect. Materials and methods. 97 patients from the therapeutic and primary vascular departments of the State Medical Institution of the Republic of Armenia "Adygeya Interdistrict Hospital named after K.M.Batmen" (Adygeisk) were examined. The original questionnaire developed by us for the study of eating behavior was used in the work, waist circumference, weight, height were also determined, the Quetelet index was calculated, a survey was conducted to determine the degree of physical activity (physical activity for more than 30 minutes a day). Results. After conducting a comparative analysis of both gender groups, significant differences were found in the following indicators. Women are more prone to obesity (IC 32.46) than men (IC 29.14). Metabolic syndrome is also more common among women (90%) than among men (74%). As for eating behavior, women are more likely to eat meat, vegetables and fruits daily (63%, 59%, 61%), unlike men (58%, 49%, 44%). There are significantly more women (72%) who prefer milk and dairy products daily than men (44%). Women eat more fish and seafood than men several times a month - 63% and 41%. The vast majority of men eats confectionery (73%) and fried food (68%) every day, unlike women (65% and 59%, respectively). Conclusions. Thus, this study demonstrates the peculiarities of eating disorders of the population of the Republic of Adygeya. In the gender aspect, women have significant differences with men in nutrition, are at higher risk of overweight and obesity, the development of adverse cardiovascular events and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Common features are the dominant animal fats in the diet (mainly saturated), simple carbohydrates, including sugar, salt. Such a diet contributes to the early development of chronic diseases, which can affect a decrease in the levels of functional activity and age-related viability in general. Taking into account the traditional features of nutrition, it is necessary to develop and implement personalized dietary recommendations for the population of the Republic of Adygeya.